What Is Semaglutide?
Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. It was first approved as a treatment for type 2 diabetes under the brand name Ozempic, and later approved for chronic weight management under the name Wegovy. It is administered subcutaneously once weekly.
Mechanism of Action
Semaglutide mimics the endogenous GLP-1 hormone, which is released from the gut in response to food intake. Key mechanisms include:
- Insulin secretion — Stimulates glucose-dependent insulin release from pancreatic beta cells.
- Glucagon suppression — Reduces glucagon secretion, lowering hepatic glucose output.
- Gastric emptying delay — Slows the rate at which food leaves the stomach, promoting satiety.
- Central appetite regulation — Acts on hypothalamic receptors to reduce hunger signaling.
Clinical Research Highlights
The STEP trial program assessed semaglutide 2.4 mg in adults with obesity. Participants receiving semaglutide alongside lifestyle intervention lost an average of 14.9% of body weight versus 2.4% with placebo over 68 weeks. Cardiometabolic markers including blood pressure, lipids, and HbA1c also improved.
Important Disclaimer
This content is for educational purposes only. Semaglutide is an FDA-approved pharmaceutical; information here does not constitute medical advice. Consult a licensed healthcare provider for guidance.
