SS-31

Full name: Szeto-Schiller Peptide 31 (Elamipretide)

A mitochondria-targeted aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide (D-Arg-2′6′Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂) developed by Hazel Szeto and Peter Schiller. Selectively concentrates ~1000-fold in the inner mitochondrial membrane by binding cardiolipin. Research demonstrates reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS), protected cristae ultrastructure, improved ATP synthesis efficiency, and cytoprotective effects in models of cardiac ischemia, renal injury, and neurodegeneration. Now known as elamipretide in clinical development stages.